Men’s health and body confidence are topics that deserve more open conversations. While many men may have questions or concerns about changes in their bodies, they don’t always feel comfortable talking about them or seeking the right guidance. Understanding the reasons behind these concerns and knowing what options are available can make it easier to take informed decisions.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Anmol Chugh, plastic surgeon and Founder of Seena Strong, shares his insights on the subject, addressing common concerns, the emotional impact, and the treatment options available to men. (Also read: Work from home, pain at home: Physiotherapist explains how prolonged sitting can trigger back pain, neck stiffness and other musculoskeletal problems )
What is gynecomastia and what causes it?
“Gynecomastia happens when oestrogen and testosterone are out of balance in the body,” explains Dr Chugh. The condition is common among adolescent boys and often resolves on its own within a year or two. However, when it develops in adulthood or persists over time, further evaluation may be necessary.
Potential causes include certain medications, anabolic steroid use, heavy alcohol consumption, thyroid problems, liver disease and hormonal changes. Weight gain can also contribute to excess fat around the chest. Dr Chugh highlights the importance of distinguishing between true gynecomastia, which involves enlarged glandular tissue, and pseudogynecomastia, which is caused by excess fat.
“In the mirror they can look the same. The treatment is not the same, so I examine the patient before deciding anything,” he explains.
The emotional impact of gynecomastia
Beyond the physical symptoms, gynecomastia can affect a man’s confidence and emotional well-being. Some men avoid swimming pools, changing rooms, fitted clothing and social gatherings because they feel uncomfortable about their chest.
“Men in India are not encouraged to discuss their bodies, and the booming fitness culture and social media will only exacerbate the problem,” says Dr Chugh.
He notes that insensitive remarks from friends or relatives can have a lasting emotional impact, sometimes leading men to avoid situations in which their bodies might attract attention. “This is an important reason to consider treatment—not just for your body, but for your confidence and peace of mind,” he adds.
When should you consult a doctor?
Dr Chugh recommends seeking medical advice if chest enlargement develops recently, particularly when accompanied by pain, a hard lump or nipple discharge. Although breast cancer in men is rare, concerning symptoms need to be evaluated by a qualified medical professional.
A clinical examination, review of medications and medical history, hormone tests and, when indicated, an ultrasound may help establish the cause. If a hormonal disorder is suspected, referral to an endocrinologist may be appropriate.
What are the treatment options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause, the duration of the condition and whether enlarged glandular tissue or excess fat is responsible. “If an inciting event like steroid use is identified and stopped, it may help in resolving the condition,” explains Dr Chugh.
In some cases, treating an underlying medical condition or reviewing medications with a doctor may help. Persistent gynecomastia may require further assessment, and surgery can be considered when appropriate.
The procedure may involve removing excess glandular tissue, fat or both, depending on the individual case. It is often performed as a day-care procedure, although recovery varies. Patients may need to wear a compression garment for several weeks and follow their surgeon’s post-operative instructions before resuming normal activities.
Why professional medical advice matters
Dr Chugh advises men to approach treatment carefully and consult a qualified plastic surgeon before deciding on surgery. “Surgery is definitely advisable as a last resort, when all other means of treatment have failed,” he says, emphasising the importance of understanding the potential benefits, risks and limitations of any procedure.
He also cautions against unqualified practitioners and unrealistic promises of results. For men who have struggled with gynecomastia for years, a consultation can help clarify the diagnosis and available options. The decision to pursue treatment should be based on an individual medical assessment, realistic expectations and the patient’s personal preferences.
Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
