The thyroid gland is responsible for managing energy levels, metabolism and exercise tolerance. However, in the initial stages, thyroid cancer may not show any symptoms at all, making it increasingly difficult for early detection.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Narayana Subramaniam, lead consultant, head and neck surgery and oncology at Aster Whitefield said, “Most cancers don’t impact thyroid hormone levels and are hence silent. Symptoms appear when the tumours reach a critical size and are big enough to see or feel or has spread to the surrounding areas.” Also read | Shocking truth about thyroid cancer: Are you at risk?
Dr. Narayana Subramaniam shared the top signs to watch out for:
1. A lump or swelling in the neck
One of the most common early signs is a lump in the front or side of the neck that doesn’t go away. It may feel firm or slightly tender. While not all lumps are cancerous, persistent swelling should prompt a medical evaluation to rule out thyroid cancer.
2. Hoarseness or changes in voice
If your voice suddenly changes, with hoarseness or it sounds weak, raspy or you have lost your voice for weeks, this may mean the recurrent laryngeal nerve (a nerve running very close to the thyroid gland) is involved. This is more concerning if you do not have a cold or other respiratory illness.
3. Trouble swallowing
Noticing a feeling of something stuck in your throat; or discomfort while swallowing is another subtle hint. Tumors in the thyroid can put pressure on the esophagus, making eating or drinking uncomfortable or painful
4. Neck or throat pain
Ongoing pain in the front of your neck, which may radiate into the ears or jaw, may be due to thyroid irritation or growth. Of course, pain alone does not mean cancer, but when it occurs with other symptoms – it is time for a checkup.
5. Swollen lymph nodes
The thyroid can affect the lymph nodes in the neck, which could cause swelling. If there are new firm lumps under your jaw (or anywhere around your neck), especially if accompanied by other symptoms of thyroid problems, this is yet another reason to see your doctor.
6. Breathing problems
If a thyroid tumor is large enough, it may be pushing against the windpipe, and you can have shortness of breath or limit your airflow. This is a serious issue and requires immediate medical attention. Also read | Here’s how nighttime artificial lights exposure may elevate thyroid cancer risk
7. Family history or previous radiation exposure to the neck.
Those with a family history of thyroid disease or cancer, as well as certain cancer syndromes, as well as those with childhood exposure to radiation, are at high risk. Knowing personal and family history can help to guide screening or early treatment.
Tips to prevent thyroid cancer:
1. Healthy lifestyle: Avoid using tobacco and alcohol. A healthy balanced diet will be rich in iodine, selenium, and antioxidants which can support thyroid health. Stress can be managed through yoga, meditation, or exercise.
2. Weight and hormones: Obesity is a recent risk factor that has been linked to thyroid cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight can prevent thyroid and other cancers
3. Limit excess radiation exposure: Don’t seek out repeated medical images that are not medically necessary. Limit medical imaging too and follow public guidelines for medical imaging. For children, the risk of long-term effects is higher for imaging exposures so monitor and reduce where possible.
4. Monitor autoimmune thyroid conditions: Chronic inflammation from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can increase cancer risk. Regular testing and proper treatment are essential. Also read | Thyroid health: Functions, disorders and 5 tips to manage thyroid wellness
5. Do self-checks: Conducting simple neck self-exams monthly will help you pay attention. Check for lumps, swelling and keep an eye on symmetry. The sooner you recognise any changes; the sooner you will seek medical treatment.
Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
